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                    <text>The St. Mary of Carmel Church</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>St. Mary of Carmel Church, Famagusta</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The St. Mary of Carmel church is situated in the northwest corner of the medieval walled city of Famagusta, on the east shore of Cyprus. The church is built within an area fortified by an arrow-shaped bastion (Martinengo Bastion – Tophane), at close vicinity to other important religious monuments (St. Mary Church of the Armenians, Tanner’s Mosque and St. Anne Church of the Maronites). It is a Gothic style stone masonry structure. The main building material used in the construction of the monument is a local porous calcarenite rock with the following properties:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1690 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 35%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 3.5-4.0 MPa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2016, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical properties of the building materials of the Martinengo Cluster Churches in Famagusta, Cyprus. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111209</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>Armenian Church</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery</text>
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                <text>The Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery is situated on the southern foothills of the Pentadaktylos Mountains, near the village of Sichari/Kaynakkoy (GPS identification: X: 35.283905, Y: 33.389065). The site comprises of a Byzantine Church and a Refectory, as well as more recent single-storey monastic rooms that were built after the 17th century. The masonry is composed of irregularly sized undressed sedimentary stones and is characterized by the absence of clearly defined horizontal bedding orientations. Fired clay bricks were used for the construction of arches, piers and pendentives. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the Monastery's building stone are summarized below: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1950-2815 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 3-26%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 23.0-49.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>https://www.sci-cult.com/peace-building-in-cyprus-through-the-preservation-of-endangered-heritage-in-situ-and-laboratory-characterization-of-materials-from-the-panagia-apsinthiotissa-monastery/</text>
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                  <text>Modernist Buildings</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                  <text>Modernist (historic concrete and other) buildings situated in Cyprus</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Melkonian Educational Institute - Headmaster Mansion, Nicosia</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
</text>
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                <text>The Melkonian Residence is a listed historic building located in Nicosia. The building was constructed in 1926 and it comprises part of a larger complex of buildings, consisting of two 3-floor structures (used as orphanage and school) and a single one-story residence (the Headmaster Mansion). The entire complex may be described as a hybrid structure with reinforced concrete slabs, beams and columns and load-bearing masonry walls. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Headmaster Mansion masonry walls comprise of locally quarried bioclastic limestone. The average results of tests on concrete specimens collected in-situ are summarized below:
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (by vacuum saturation): 2195 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (by vacuum saturation): 18%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 12390-3): 15.2 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's building materials were carried out in 2020, in the framework of the postgraduate course "CON 500 Capstone Design Project" of the interdisciplinary and interdepartmental MSc program "Conservation and Restoration of Historic Buildings and Sites" of the University of Cyprus. Sampling and testing was carried out by staff of the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus and by students of the graduate program.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>https://www.scientific.net/KEM.919.108 </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The Medieval Manor of Potamia is a composite building complex, which incorporates stone and adobe masonry structures dating from the 14th to the 20th century. The Manor occupies a plan area &amp;gt;5500 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Although the west part of the building complex has rather recently been restored, the east part remains in a ruinous condition. The two aforementioned parts are separated by a courtyard that includes the remnants of a large water tank and a well. The east part mainly consists of one-storey high stone masonry constructions dated to the 14th-16th century, with several later modifications/additions of stone and adobes. The stones, which are rich in calcite, generally possess rather low compressive strength and density, and significant porosity, as shown below:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1725 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 35%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 2.5-4.5 MPa &lt;/li&gt;
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                    <text>Pafos (Paphos) Gate (GPS identification: X: 35.17385, Y: 33.35667) was one of the three entrances into the old town of Lefkosia (Nicosia), through the Venetian walls. It was also known as ‘Gate of San Domenico’, as it replaced an earlier gate of the Frankish walls, called ‘Porta di San Domenico’. &#13;
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                <text>Pafos (Paphos) Gate (GPS identification: X: 35.17385, Y: 33.35667) is one of the 3 entrances into the old Lefkosia (Nicosia) town, through the Venetian walls. In fact, this is the smallest of the 3 entrances. It was formerly known as ‘Gate of San Domenico’, as it replaced an earlier gate of the Frankish walls called ‘Porta di San Domenico’, and as the ‘Upper Gate’, because of its high altitude. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The structure is fairly simple, essentially comprising of an opening in the wall and a barrel vault roof. It is built with local porous calcarenite stone quarried from the Nicosia Formation. This stone is rich in calcite (60-77%, based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of 3 samples collected in-situ). Its porosity and apparent density (EN 1936) range from 25-35% and 1580-1900 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Its comprsesive strength (EN 1926) lies in the region 2.5-7.5 MPa. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2022, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical properties of the building materials of the Pafos Gate. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by C. ROUSHAS TRADING AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED, in agreement with Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>The Sourp Magar is an Armenian monastery located in Halevga/Alevkayasi in the Pentadaktylos Mountains (GPS identification: X: 35.287548, Y: 33.522117). The Monastery was founded in the early 11th century and it consists of an irregular rectangle of two-storied residential buildings constructed around a central precinct, and two small churches or chapels, which appear to be the remains of the side aisles of a larger church . The masonry of the chapels comprises of local dense clastic sedimentary rocks (recrystallized brecciated limestones) belonging to the Kyrenia Terrane and porous calcarenites belonging to the Nicosia–Athalassa geological formation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the recrystallized limestones are summarized below:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 2690-2720 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 1-2%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 513.0-113.3 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                <text>Agia Marina Chapel, Frenaros</text>
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                <text>This chapel, which was built at the end of the 15th century, is located a few kilometers to the northeast of Frenaros village, in the district of Famagusta. It is a is single-aisled, vaulted structure, with approximate internal dimensions 11 x 5 m.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The chapel is built in local porous fossiliferous limestone, with the following characteristics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Static Elastic Modulus (EN 14580): 13250-22900 N/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 14580): 6.5-21.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Splitting Tensile Strength (ASTM D3967-16): 2.15-3.40 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Earth-based jointing mortars and lime-based renders have also been identified on the monument, following X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) bulk analysis of 3 samples collected in-situ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone and mortars/renders were carried out in 2021, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the chapel. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>Dimitris Panteli Hazilouka House, Limnia&#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The House of Dimitris Panteli Hazilouka is situated in Limnia/Mormenekşe (GPS identification: X: 35.200005, Y: 33.861099), close to the wider Famagusta coastline and the archaeological site of Salamis. Historical documentation for the building is rather scarce, thus making its dating difficult. The main façade, however, shows evidence of different construction phases. The house is a single-story L-shaped building. The main construction material is a local porous calcarenite rock, possibly belonging to the Nicosia–Athalassa geological formation, with the following properties:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1720-2140 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 17-34%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 9.5-35.0 MPa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the House of Dimitris Panteli Hazilouka. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C., on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="64">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="66">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                  <text>Aqueducts, Watermills and Windmills</text>
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                  <text>Aqueducts, watermills and windmills situated in Cyprus. </text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs	</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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              <text>Photo taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Windmill, Limnia </text>
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                <text>The windmill in Limnia/ Mormenekşe, is located at the north outskirts of the village, opposite the Cemal Balses Stadium (GPS identification: X: 35.206433, Y: 33.861008). It is a typical hollow cylindrical tower structure, built in local calcareous stone (calcarenites and limestones).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the calcarenites are summarized below: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1710-1850 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 29-36%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 4.5-10.0 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The limestones possess a much denser structure and hence exhibit higher compressive strengths (&amp;gt;20 MPa). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stones were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the traditional windmill located at Limnia/Mormenekşe. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C., on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                  <text>Religious Monuments</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Tuzla Mosque, Larnaca</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>Tuzla Mosque is situated in the old part of Larnaka (Larnaca) town, behind the ruins of ancient Kition (GPS identification: X: 34.922414, Y: 33.623001). It is one of the oldest mosques in the town, dating back to the Byzantine period. The mosque was originally a Byzantine Orthodox Church, as is confirmed by the wall paintings in the building. In the 12th or 13th century it became the Catholic Church of the Holy Cross, before being eventually turned into a mosque after the Ottoman occupation in 1571. In fact, the minaret is built on the foundations of the original bell tower. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The vast majority of the stone blocks comprising the monument are calcarenites belonging to the Nicosia Geological Formation. Their main properties are summarized below:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1600-1620 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 35-38%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (based on in-situ Schmidt hammer measurements): 4-8 MPa    &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lime-based, lime-gypsum and gypsum-lime mortars, along with pure gypsum mortars/plasters have also been identified on the monument, following X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) bulk analysis of 12 samples collected in-situ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone and mortars/plasters were carried out in 2023, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of Tuzla Mosque. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C., on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Programme Management Office, which is funded by the European Union and the International Alliance for the Protection of Heritage in Conflict Areas (ALIPH) .</text>
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