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                    <text>Pafos Gate</text>
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                    <text>Pafos (Paphos) Gate (GPS identification: X: 35.17385, Y: 33.35667) was one of the three entrances into the old town of Lefkosia (Nicosia), through the Venetian walls. It was also known as ‘Gate of San Domenico’, as it replaced an earlier gate of the Frankish walls, called ‘Porta di San Domenico’. &#13;
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The structure is relatively simple and it essentially comprises of an opening to the wall with a barrel vault roof.   </text>
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                  <text>Fortifications</text>
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                  <text>Defensive walls and other structures of military nature situated in Cyprus. </text>
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                <text>Pafos Gate, Nicosia</text>
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                <text>Pafos (Paphos) Gate (GPS identification: X: 35.17385, Y: 33.35667) is one of the 3 entrances into the old Lefkosia (Nicosia) town, through the Venetian walls. In fact, this is the smallest of the 3 entrances. It was formerly known as ‘Gate of San Domenico’, as it replaced an earlier gate of the Frankish walls called ‘Porta di San Domenico’, and as the ‘Upper Gate’, because of its high altitude. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The structure is fairly simple, essentially comprising of an opening in the wall and a barrel vault roof. It is built with local porous calcarenite stone quarried from the Nicosia Formation. This stone is rich in calcite (60-77%, based on X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of 3 samples collected in-situ). Its porosity and apparent density (EN 1936) range from 25-35% and 1580-1900 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Its comprsesive strength (EN 1926) lies in the region 2.5-7.5 MPa. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2022, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical properties of the building materials of the Pafos Gate. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by C. ROUSHAS TRADING AND DEVELOPMENT LIMITED, in agreement with Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery</text>
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                <text>The Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery is situated on the southern foothills of the Pentadaktylos Mountains, near the village of Sichari/Kaynakkoy (GPS identification: X: 35.283905, Y: 33.389065). The site comprises of a Byzantine Church and a Refectory, as well as more recent single-storey monastic rooms that were built after the 17th century. The masonry is composed of irregularly sized undressed sedimentary stones and is characterized by the absence of clearly defined horizontal bedding orientations. Fired clay bricks were used for the construction of arches, piers and pendentives. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the Monastery's building stone are summarized below: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1950-2815 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 3-26%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 23.0-49.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>https://www.sci-cult.com/peace-building-in-cyprus-through-the-preservation-of-endangered-heritage-in-situ-and-laboratory-characterization-of-materials-from-the-panagia-apsinthiotissa-monastery/</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Rogiros Illampas &amp; Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Sourp Magar Monastery</text>
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                <text>The Sourp Magar is an Armenian monastery located in Halevga/Alevkayasi in the Pentadaktylos Mountains (GPS identification: X: 35.287548, Y: 33.522117). The Monastery was founded in the early 11th century and it consists of an irregular rectangle of two-storied residential buildings constructed around a central precinct, and two small churches or chapels, which appear to be the remains of the side aisles of a larger church . The masonry of the chapels comprises of local dense clastic sedimentary rocks (recrystallized brecciated limestones) belonging to the Kyrenia Terrane and porous calcarenites belonging to the Nicosia–Athalassa geological formation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the recrystallized limestones are summarized below:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 2690-2720 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 1-2%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 513.0-113.3 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Sourp Magar Armenian Monastery. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Lordos Architects &amp;amp; Associates, on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1690 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>St. Mary of Carmel Church</text>
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                <text>The St. Mary of the Armenians Church is situated within the medieval walled city of Famagusta, adjacent the Martinengo Bastion, at close vicinity to other important religious monuments (St. Mary of Carmel Church, Tanner’s Mosque and St. Anne Church of the Maronites). Even though its original name and date of construction are unclear, it might have been built during the 14th century by Armenian refugees from the port of Lajazzo. The Church consists of a single nave and apse roofed by a square groin vault. It is built with a local porous calcarenite rock with the following properties: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1800 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 30%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 5.5-13.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Tuzla Mosque, Larnaca</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>Tuzla Mosque is situated in the old part of Larnaka (Larnaca) town, behind the ruins of ancient Kition (GPS identification: X: 34.922414, Y: 33.623001). It is one of the oldest mosques in the town, dating back to the Byzantine period. The mosque was originally a Byzantine Orthodox Church, as is confirmed by the wall paintings in the building. In the 12th or 13th century it became the Catholic Church of the Holy Cross, before being eventually turned into a mosque after the Ottoman occupation in 1571. In fact, the minaret is built on the foundations of the original bell tower. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The vast majority of the stone blocks comprising the monument are calcarenites belonging to the Nicosia Geological Formation. Their main properties are summarized below:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1600-1620 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 35-38%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (based on in-situ Schmidt hammer measurements): 4-8 MPa    &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lime-based, lime-gypsum and gypsum-lime mortars, along with pure gypsum mortars/plasters have also been identified on the monument, following X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) bulk analysis of 12 samples collected in-situ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone and mortars/plasters were carried out in 2023, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of Tuzla Mosque. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C., on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Programme Management Office, which is funded by the European Union and the International Alliance for the Protection of Heritage in Conflict Areas (ALIPH) .</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Aqueducts, Watermills and Windmills</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Aqueducts, watermills and windmills situated in Cyprus. </text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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              <name>Publisher</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="71">
                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)&#13;
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="72">
                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs	</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="73">
                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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              <text>Photo taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Windmill, Limnia </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The windmill in Limnia/ Mormenekşe, is located at the north outskirts of the village, opposite the Cemal Balses Stadium (GPS identification: X: 35.206433, Y: 33.861008). It is a typical hollow cylindrical tower structure, built in local calcareous stone (calcarenites and limestones).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the calcarenites are summarized below: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1710-1850 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 29-36%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 4.5-10.0 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The limestones possess a much denser structure and hence exhibit higher compressive strengths (&amp;gt;20 MPa). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stones were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the traditional windmill located at Limnia/Mormenekşe. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C., on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="81">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="82">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="83">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="114">
                <text>Dimitris Panteli Hazilouka House&#13;
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        <name>Famagusta</name>
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        <name>Limnia</name>
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        <name>UNDP-PFF</name>
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        <name>Windmill</name>
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