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                <text>The Cami-I Kebir Mosque, which is located at the Mouttalos area of Ktima-Paphos, had been originally a Christian Orthodox Church dedicated to Agia Sophia. The church was converted into a mosque during the Ottoman period, and a minaret was added to its southwestern corner.&#13;
&#13;
The monument is built in calcareous stone with compressive strength (EN 1926) in the range of 5-9 MPa and splitting tensile strength (ASTM D3967-01) around 1 MPa. &#13;
&#13;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2016, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Cami-I Kebir Mosque. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Chrysanthos Pissarides (Architect) and Paris Skouloukos (Civil Engineer), on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>The Agios Artemon Church in Afaneia/Gaziköy (also known as the Church of St. George) dates back to the Latin period (15th century). It is a two-aisled church, with the south one being the older; the north aisle was added to the structure some time between the 15th and 16th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The church is home to numerous historic artifacts. Prior to its recent restoration, a sarcophagus was found in the church, while during the restoration, which was completed in 2019, UNDP-PFF experts discovered Arabic graffiti on one of the walls; this was written by a Maronite priest from Lebanon during his visit in the 19th century. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The monument is built with carbonate stones of different appearance, structure, texture and physico-mechanical properties. Their main properties are summarized below: 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1550-2580 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 2-39%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 12.0-94.2 MPa  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2017, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Agios Artemon Church. Sampling and testing were assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development &lt;br /&gt;Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>Orounta Mosque, Nicosia</text>
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                <text>The mosque in Orounta/Orunda village in Nicosia was built in different phases between the 19th and 20th centuries. The complex actually consists of three buildings: the mosque, a secondary building and the school building. The mosque was heavily reconstructed in 1889, while a second restoration took place shortly after 1927. In December 2021, the Technical Committee on Cultural Heritage began conservation works to preserve the monument; these were completed in August 2022.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The monument is built with igneous rocks originating from the Troodos Ophiolite Complex. Their main properties are summarized below: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 2750-2790 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 0.75-1.05%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (based on in-situ Schmidt hammer measurements): 185-295 MPa  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                <text>The church of Agios Philon/Ayfilon in Karpasia/Karpaz was built in the 12th century, on top of a much earlier, possibly 5th century, Christian basilica. The monument, which is now in ruinous condition, is a typical domed Byzantine church, with a three-part apse and a courtyard surrounded by columns.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The masonry of the church comprises of local bioclastic coarse grained ashlar limestones with the following characteristics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1570-1730 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 34-41%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 3.5-8.0 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stones were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Agios Philon/Ayfilon Church in Karpasia/Karpaz. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>St. Mary of the Armenians Church, Famagusta</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="98">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>St. Mary of Carmel Church</text>
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                <text>The St. Mary of the Armenians Church is situated within the medieval walled city of Famagusta, adjacent the Martinengo Bastion, at close vicinity to other important religious monuments (St. Mary of Carmel Church, Tanner’s Mosque and St. Anne Church of the Maronites). Even though its original name and date of construction are unclear, it might have been built during the 14th century by Armenian refugees from the port of Lajazzo. The Church consists of a single nave and apse roofed by a square groin vault. It is built with a local porous calcarenite rock with the following properties: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1800 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 30%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 5.5-13.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2016, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical properties of the building materials of the Martinengo Cluster Churches in Famagusta, Cyprus. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Tuzla Mosque, Larnaca</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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                <text>Tuzla Mosque is situated in the old part of Larnaka (Larnaca) town, behind the ruins of ancient Kition (GPS identification: X: 34.922414, Y: 33.623001). It is one of the oldest mosques in the town, dating back to the Byzantine period. The mosque was originally a Byzantine Orthodox Church, as is confirmed by the wall paintings in the building. In the 12th or 13th century it became the Catholic Church of the Holy Cross, before being eventually turned into a mosque after the Ottoman occupation in 1571. In fact, the minaret is built on the foundations of the original bell tower. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The vast majority of the stone blocks comprising the monument are calcarenites belonging to the Nicosia Geological Formation. Their main properties are summarized below:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1600-1620 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 35-38%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (based on in-situ Schmidt hammer measurements): 4-8 MPa    &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Lime-based, lime-gypsum and gypsum-lime mortars, along with pure gypsum mortars/plasters have also been identified on the monument, following X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) bulk analysis of 12 samples collected in-situ. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone and mortars/plasters were carried out in 2023, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of Tuzla Mosque. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C., on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Programme Management Office, which is funded by the European Union and the International Alliance for the Protection of Heritage in Conflict Areas (ALIPH) .</text>
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                <text>Agia Marina Chapel, Frenaros</text>
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                <text>This chapel, which was built at the end of the 15th century, is located a few kilometers to the northeast of Frenaros village, in the district of Famagusta. It is a is single-aisled, vaulted structure, with approximate internal dimensions 11 x 5 m.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The chapel is built in local porous fossiliferous limestone, with the following characteristics:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Static Elastic Modulus (EN 14580): 13250-22900 N/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 14580): 6.5-21.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Splitting Tensile Strength (ASTM D3967-16): 2.15-3.40 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
Earth-based jointing mortars and lime-based renders have also been identified on the monument, following X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) bulk analysis of 3 samples collected in-situ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone and mortars/renders were carried out in 2021, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the chapel. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Platonas Stylianou &amp;amp; Associates Civil and Structural Engineering L.C.C.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs&#13;
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              <text>Photos taken by Rogiros Illampas &amp; Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Sourp Magar Monastery</text>
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                <text>The Sourp Magar is an Armenian monastery located in Halevga/Alevkayasi in the Pentadaktylos Mountains (GPS identification: X: 35.287548, Y: 33.522117). The Monastery was founded in the early 11th century and it consists of an irregular rectangle of two-storied residential buildings constructed around a central precinct, and two small churches or chapels, which appear to be the remains of the side aisles of a larger church . The masonry of the chapels comprises of local dense clastic sedimentary rocks (recrystallized brecciated limestones) belonging to the Kyrenia Terrane and porous calcarenites belonging to the Nicosia–Athalassa geological formation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the recrystallized limestones are summarized below:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 2690-2720 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 1-2%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 513.0-113.3 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Sourp Magar Armenian Monastery. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by Lordos Architects &amp;amp; Associates, on behalf of the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="76">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="78">
                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ)</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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              <text>Photos taken by Ioannis Ioannou, University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery</text>
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                <text>The Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery is situated on the southern foothills of the Pentadaktylos Mountains, near the village of Sichari/Kaynakkoy (GPS identification: X: 35.283905, Y: 33.389065). The site comprises of a Byzantine Church and a Refectory, as well as more recent single-storey monastic rooms that were built after the 17th century. The masonry is composed of irregularly sized undressed sedimentary stones and is characterized by the absence of clearly defined horizontal bedding orientations. Fired clay bricks were used for the construction of arches, piers and pendentives. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main properties of the Monastery's building stone are summarized below: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1950-2815 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 3-26%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 23.0-49.5 MPa&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2018, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of the building materials of the Panagia Apsinthiotissa Monastery. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>https://www.sci-cult.com/peace-building-in-cyprus-through-the-preservation-of-endangered-heritage-in-situ-and-laboratory-characterization-of-materials-from-the-panagia-apsinthiotissa-monastery/</text>
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                    <text>The St. Mary of Carmel Church</text>
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                  <text>Religious monuments (churches, monasteries, mosques) situated in Cyprus.  </text>
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                  <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The St. Mary of Carmel church is situated in the northwest corner of the medieval walled city of Famagusta, on the east shore of Cyprus. The church is built within an area fortified by an arrow-shaped bastion (Martinengo Bastion – Tophane), at close vicinity to other important religious monuments (St. Mary Church of the Armenians, Tanner’s Mosque and St. Anne Church of the Maronites). It is a Gothic style stone masonry structure. The main building material used in the construction of the monument is a local porous calcarenite rock with the following properties:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Apparent Density (EN 1936): 1690 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Open Porosity (EN 1936): 35%&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Compressive Strength (EN 1926): 3.5-4.0 MPa &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The aforementioned tests for the characterization of the monument's stone were carried out in 2016, in the framework of a combined laboratory and in situ investigation that was conducted to determine the physico-mechanical properties of the building materials of the Martinengo Cluster Churches in Famagusta, Cyprus. Sampling and testing was assigned to the Building Materials and LEDRA Laboratories of the University of Cyprus by the United Nations Development Programme – Partnership for the Future, which is funded by the European Union.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111209</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs &amp; The Cyprus Scientific and Technical Chamber (ΕΤΕΚ) </text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>University of Cyprus - Ledra and Building Materials Labs</text>
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                <text>Armenian Church</text>
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